Cassie Brehm 's blog ::Calcium needs of children
Malnutrition is the result of over-nutrition or under-nutrition; and with it comes emotional and physiological risks. Under-nutrition intensifies the effect of sickness and disease. The body is unable to provide a strong immune response when there is inadequate nutritional intake. Over-nutrition results in obesity. Teenagers who are experiencing eating disorders are at high risk for under-nutrition. The associated risks include osteoporosis, lack of menstrual periods, improper organ function, physical and mental disability and death. Being "as skinny as a model or actress" can prove fatal in the event of serious illness. Childhood obesity carries many risks. Children who are significantly overweight are also more likely to experience stigmatization, low self-esteem and depression as a result of their weight. A child who is obese has a greater chance of being obese as an adult and a shorter life expectancy. . Studies show that obesity in childhood greatly increases the risk for disease later in life. Obesity in children may double the risk for heart disease in adulthood. . Obesity in children also increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension, high cholesterol, bone and joint problems, and certain cancers. Nutritional Needs of Children and Adolescents (Approximate daily requirements) Grains (fiber, B vitamins, iron, magnesium, selenium) Children ages 3 to7: 5 ounces Children ages 8 to 13: 6 ounces Adolescents: 8 to 10 ounces (At least half of the grains should be whole) Vegetables (fiber, folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin K, potassium) Children ages 3 to 7: 1.5 cups Children ages 8 to 13: 2.5 cups Adolescents: 3 to 4 cups Fruits (antioxidants, potassium, fiber, folate, vitamin C) Children ages 3 to 7: 1.5 cups Children ages 8 to 13: 2 cups Adolescents: 2.5 cups Dairy (calcium, potassium, vitamin D) Children ages 3 to 7: 3 cups Children ages 8 to 13: 4.5 cups Adolescents: 4.5 cups Meat and Beans (iron, zinc, magnesium, protein, vitamin E, B vitamins) Children ages 3 to 7: 4 ounces Children ages 8 to 13: 5.5 ounces Adolescents: 6 to 7 ounces Children require various vitamin and minerals to grow properly (Daily Requirements in mcg, mg & g) Calcium (essential for achieving maximum bone mass) Children ages 1 to 3: 500 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 800 mg Children ages 9 to 18: 1,300 mg Vitamin D(for calcium absorption; essential for bone health) Children ages 1 to 3: 10 mcg Children ages 4 to 8: 15 mcg Children ages 9 to 18: 15 mcg Vitamin A (cell and eye health) Children ages 1 to 3: 300 mcg Children ages 4 to 8: 400 mcg Children ages 9 to 13: 600 mcg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 900 mcg Vitamin C (immunity; cell rejuvenation) Children ages 1 to 3: 15 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 25 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 45 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 75 mg Vitamin E (healthy skin; may help to prevent cancer and heart disease) Children ages 1 to 3: 6 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 7 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 11 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 15 mg Vitamin K (blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding) Children ages 1 to 3: 1 mcg Children ages 4 to 8: 1.5 mcg Children ages 9 to 13: 1.5 mcg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 1.9 mcg Thiamin (vitamin B1) (nerve function; energy production) Children ages 1 to 3: 0.5 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 0.6 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 0.9 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 1.2 mg Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (energy production; activation of other vitamins; healing of injuries) Children ages 1 to 3: 0.5 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 0.6 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 0.9 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 1.3 mg Niacin (vitamin B3) (sugar, fat and cholesterol metabolism) Children ages 1 to 3: 6 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 8 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 12 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 16 mg Vitamin B6 (amino acid/protein metabolism; growth) Children ages 1 to 3: 0.5 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 0.6 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 1.0 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 1.3 mg Vitamin B12 (energy production; nerve health) Children ages 1 to 3: 0.9 mcg Children ages 4 to 8: 1.2 mcg Children ages 9 to 13: 1.8 mcg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 2.4 mcg Folate (Folic Acid) (spinal formation in fetuses; cellular health and division) Children ages 1 to 3: 150 mcg Children ages 4 to 8: 200 mcg Children ages 9 to 13: 300 mcg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 400 mcg Copper (transport of iron) Children ages 1 to 3: 340 mcg Children ages 4 to 8: 440 mcg Children ages 9 to 13: 700 mcg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 890 mcg Fluoride (dental health) Children ages 1 to 3: 0.7 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 1 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 2 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 3 mg Iodine (essential component to thyroid hormones which regulate metabolic rate, growth and development and promote protein synthesis) Children ages 1 to 3: 110 mcg Children ages 4 to 8: 120 mcg Children ages 9 to 13: 130 mcg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 150 mcg Iron (structure of certain proteins and enzymes including hemoglobin which is responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body and myoglobin which enhances the amount of oxygen available for use by muscles) Children ages 1 to 3: 7 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 10 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 8 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 11 mg Magnesium (bone structure; cardiovascular health; blood pressure maintenance) Children ages 1 to 3: 80 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 130 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 240 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 410 mg Phosphorus (bone strength; structural component of tissue cells; maintenance of cell pH) Children ages 1 to 3: 460 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 500 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 1,250 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 1,250 Zinc (involved in the functioning of over 100 different enzymes; stabilization of cell membranes; mobilization of vitamin A; absorption of folate; growth and repair of tissues) Children ages 1 to 3: 3 mg Children ages 4 to 8: 5 mg Children ages 9 to 13: 8 mg Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 11 mg Potassium (nerve transmission; muscle contraction; fluid balance) Children ages 1 to 3: 3 g Children ages 4 to 8: 3.8 g Children ages 9 to 13: 4.5 g Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 4.7 g Sodium (nerve transmission; muscle contraction; fluid balance) Children ages 1 to 3: 1 g Children ages 4 to 8: 1.2 g Children ages 9 to 13: 1.5 g Adolescents ages 14 to 18: 1.5 g * The notes mentioned next to eat food group, vitamin or mineral or only an example of the main uses of the vitamin or mineral. References http://www.MyPyramid.com National Academy of Sciences. (2010, Nov. 30). DRIs for Calcium and Vitamin D. Retrieved Dec. 30, 2010, from Institute of Medicine: http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/DRI-Values.aspx National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2010, June 3). Childhood Obesity. Retrieved Nov. 20, 2010, from CDC.gov: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/obesity/index.htm Sletten, D. L. (2010, March 22). Childhood Obesity and Heart Disease Risk. Retrieved Dec. 29, 2010, from Suit101.com: http://www.suite101.com/content/childhood-obesity-and-heart-disease-risk-a216567 |
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